Attention

A simple explanation of attention is the behavioural and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one thing. It enables the brain to provide clarity, without being distracted by other ongoing trains of thought. Even minor head injuries can result in problems with attention.

The different types of attention are:

• Basic arousal – basic alertness and awareness of what is happening around you
• Sustained attention – ability to stay alert and concentrate over a period of time
• Selective attention – ability to focus your attention on one thing or task without getting distracted
• Alternating attention – ability to shift attention back and forth between tasks or activities
• Divided attention – ability to focus on more than one thing at the same time

Attention is critical for cognitive functions. Problems with attention and concentration result in difficulties with:

• Keeping track of what is being said or done
• Experiencing information overload
• Having difficulty doing more than one task at a time
• Being slower at taking in information
• Becoming easily distracted
• Finding it difficult to focus
• Finding difficulty in completion of tasks
• Making mistakes or errors
• Getting fatigued or tired

Attention can be improved by:

• Breaking down tasks into smaller parts and working on them one at a time.
• Focusing – do tasks for a short time, rather than a long time.
• Planning more difficult tasks when you know you will be rested and have more mental and physical energy to get them done.
• Planning a variety of tasks to keep your interest and motivation
• Planning regular breaks and rest throughout the day
• Improving the quality of your sleep and physical health and fitness
• Get rid of clutter and be more organised
• Try to avoid noisy or busy environments
• Reduce distractions by turning off radios, telephones etc.
• Use of visual reminders and prompts
• Keep a to do list to get back on track if you have been distracted
• Make use of technology for reminders and prompts